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Lalitha, M.

Status of Desertification in South India – Assessment, Mapping and Change Detection Analysis

Abstract Views :204 | PDF Views:80

Authors

S. Dharumarajan ¹, M. Lalitha ¹, Rajendra Hegde ¹, N. Janani ¹, A. S. Rajawat ², K. L. N. Sastry ², S. K. Singh ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560 024, IN
2 ISRO-Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad - 380 015, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Amaravati Road, Nagpur - 440 033, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 115, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 331-338

Abstract

Desertification is the transformation of productive land into a non-productive one due to poor resource management, and unfavourable biophysical and economical factors. Periodical assessment of desertification status is imperative for a suitable comprehensive and combating plan. In the present study, desertification status maps of Andhra Pradesh (AP), Karnataka and Telangana in South India have been prepared using remote sensing data for two time-frames (2003– 2005 and 2011–2013) and change detection analysis has been carried out. The results reveal that 14.35%, 36.24% and 31.40% of the total geographical area in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Telangana were affected by desertification processes respectively, in 2011–2013. Among the desertification processes, vegetal degradation contributes 7.27% of total area in AP, followed by water erosion (4.93%) and waterlogging (0.83%), whereas in Karnataka water erosion (26.29%) is dominant followed by vegetal degradation (8.93%) and salinization (0.45%). Change detection analysis shows that desertification processes of AP and Karnataka have increased by 0.19% and 0.05% respectively, whereas in Telangana it has decreased by about 0.52% from 2003 to 2005 data. The present database will help the scientists, planners and stakeholders to prepare appropriate land reclamation measures to control the increasing trend of desertification.

Keywords

Change Detection Analysis, Desertification, Salinization, Vegetal Degradation, Waterlogging.

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References

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Surface Soil and Subsoil Acidity in Natural and Managed Land-Use Systems in the Humid Tropics of Peninsular India

Abstract Views :186 | PDF Views:87

Authors

K. M. Nair ¹, K. S. Anil Kumar ¹, M. Lalitha ¹, Shivanand ¹, S. C. Ramesh Kumar ¹, S. Srinivas ¹, Arti Koyal ¹, S. Parvathy ¹, K. Sujatha ¹, C. Thamban ², Jeena Mathew ², K. P. Chandran ², Abdul Haris ², V. Krishnakumar ², V. Srinivasan ³, Jessy ⁴, James Jacob ⁴, J. S. Nagaraj ⁵, Maria Violet D’Souza ⁵, Y. Raghuramulu ⁵, R. Hegde ¹, S. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Regional Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode 673 012, IN
4 Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam 686 009, IN
5 Coffee Research Institute, Chikmagalur 577 117, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 116, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1201-1211

Abstract

Natural forests and managed plantations constitute the largest land-use systems in the humid tropics of southwestern parts of Peninsular India comprising the Western Ghats and coastal plain. Soils therein are naturally acidic and the acidity is enhanced in managed land-use systems through inputs of chemical fertilizers. Plant nutrient deficiencies and mineral toxicities constrain crop production in acid soils. Surface soil and subsoil acidity in forest, coffee, rubber and coconut land-use systems was evaluated. The spatial pattern of surface soil and subsoil acidity pointed to low intensity of acidification in Malnad region of Karnataka, moderate acidity in northern Kerala and strong acidity in southern Kerala. Among the land-use systems studied, soils under natural forests and coffee plantations were only slightly acidic in surface soil and subsoil, whereas rubber- and coconut-growing soils were strongly acidic. Both natural and managed land-use systems, however, had strongly acid reaction in surface soil and subsoil in southern Kerala. Biomass production and crop yield are constrained in strongly acid soil by toxic levels of aluminium (Al) on soil exchange complex (>0.5 cmol (+) kg^–1 soil) and depletion of basic cations of calcium, magnesium and potassium (base saturation less than 50% or Al saturation more than 50%). Surface soil acidity can be ameliorated by incorporating liming materials into surface soils. In case of subsoil acidity gypsum too should be incorporated. Under humid climate partial solubility of gypsum permits movement of calcium into the subsoil layers, wherein calcium replaces the aluminium on exchange complex and sulphate radical precipitates the aluminium by formation of aluminium sulphate.

Keywords

Base Saturation, Humid Tropics, Land-Use Systems, Surface Soil and Subsoil Acidity.

Full Text

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Pedotransfer Functions for Predicting Soil Hydraulic Properties in Semi-Arid Regions of Karnataka Plateau, India

Abstract Views :176 | PDF Views:76

Authors

S. Dharumarajan ¹, Rajendra Hegde ¹, M. Lalitha ¹, B. Kalaiselvi ¹, S. K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Amaravati Road, Nagpur 440 033, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 116, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 1237-1246

Abstract

Soil hydraulic properties are important for irrigation scheduling and proper land-use planning. Field capacity, permanent wilting point and infiltration rate are the three vital hydraulic properties which determine the availability and retention of water for crop growth. These properties are difficult to measure and time-consuming, but can be easily predicted from the available information like soil texture, bulk density, organic carbon content, etc. through pedotransfer functions (PTFs). PTFs were developed for field capacity and permanent wilting point for two different regions of Karnataka, viz. Northern Karnataka Plateau (512 soil samples) and Southern Karnataka Plateau (228 soil samples), separately. PTF for infiltration rate was developed using 100 soil samples for the entire Karnataka. Cross-validation techniques were used to validate the PTFs, and the results are satisfactory with low RMSE and higher R². The developed PTFs are useful in determining soil hydraulic properties of the semi-arid regions of southern India.

Keywords

Pedotransfer Functions, Field Capacity, Permanent Wilting Point, Infiltration Rate, Semi-Arid Regions.

Full Text

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